Chinese Zodiac Five Elements

Much of Chinese philosophy is built around the belief in the five elements and their abilities to interact with and create relationships between natural phenomena. The five elements have been part of Chinese culture almost from the beginning. Interestingly, few people outside the Asian world understand the importance of the five elements, especially how each relates to the workings of the Chinese Zodiac.

The five elements of wood, fire, Earth, metal and water are associated with five major planets in the Solar System: Jupiter, Mars, Saturn, Venus and Mercury respectively. The five elements are naturally-occurring phenomena and they’re believed to have both a generating and an overcoming influence on one another. For example, wood generates fire, water generates wood, water overcomes fire, fire overcomes metal, etc.

Other correlating factors of the five elements

Along with these generating and overcoming forces, the five elements of the Chinese Zodiac are also correlated with direction, color, season, body parts, tastes, and senses. Wood, for example correlates to the direction East, the season of Spring, the color blue or green, the taste of sour, the sense of sight, and the body parts gall bladder, liver and ring finger. The other four elements likewise have their own correlations.

The characteristics of the five elements, metal, wood, fire, water and Earth, impact the twelve animals of the Chinese Zodiac by assigning different characteristics to the animals. Since the twelve animals of the Chinese Zodiac actually represent a period of time, in this case a year (the 12 branches), assigning one of the five elements to each of the twelve years (12 branches) actually creates 60 different combinations. Rather than operating in 12-year cycles, the Chinese Zodiac is actually based on a system of 60-year cycles.

Another important concept in Chinese philosophy is Yin and Yang or the ability to compare as well as balance that which exists in life such as day and night, and femininity and masculinity. The concepts of Yin and Yang also affect the five elements and the Chinese Zodiac by assigning opposing forces or characteristics to each. There’s a Yin wood and a Yang wood, a Yin metal and a Yang metal, and so on.

Five elements plus Yin and Yang

When Yin and Yang are applied to the five elements, there now becomes a total of ten elements or 10 stems, with each stem having an alternate reading. As it relates to the Chinese Zodiac, odd years are Yin years and even years are Yang.

Characteristics of the Five Elements
Wood – Benevolence
The element of wood pronounces the fate, lowliness or nobleness, representing extractive, luxuriant, brilliant, blooming, flourishing etc.
Fire – Propriety
The element of fire pronounces the feature, strength or softness, representing power, influence, bravery and intense.
Metal – Righteousness
The element of metal pronounces the life span, longevity or abortion, foretelling any penalties, dangers, difficulties and dead end.
Water – Wisdom
The element of the water pronounces the talent, sage or fool, representing aptitude, brightness, agile mind and accuracy,
Earth – Fidelity/Honesty
The element of earth pronounces the status, rich or poor, representing the birth and growth of everything.

The Five Elements Grid

The workings of Chinese Zodiac are confusing, but to summarize…

The Chinese believe your birth year does not represent your age but rather your position within this 60-year cycle. The animal traits as well as the additions of Yin and Yang and the five elements are what combine to determine “good” years and “bad,” “great” fortune and “misfortune,” “good” ages and “bad” and all the other lifestyle details that have enabled the Chinese Zodiac to be relied upon as a powerful tool of determining one’s destiny.